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DOE/RL-97-02
Revision 0
DOE-RL National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form
Historic, Archaeological and Traditional Cultural Properties of the Hanford Site, Washington
February 1997

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 Introduction for Multiple Property Documentation
1.1 Background
1.2 Multiple Property Documentation Form
1.3 Associated Historic Contexts
1.4 National Register Eligibility
2.0 The Prehistoric Period of the Hanford Site and Associated Portion of the Columbia River, Washington, circa 10,000 B.P. - A.D. 1805
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Statement of Historic Context
2.2.1Geography and Environment
2.2.2 Paleoenvironments and Cultural Adaptations
2.2.3 History of Archaeological Research in the Study Area
2.3 Prehistoric Archaeological Property Types
2.4 National Register Evaluation Criteria and Statement of Significance
2.4.1 Criterion A
2.4.2 Criterion B
2.4.3 Criterion C
2.4.4 Criterion D
2.4.5 Criteria Considerations
2.4.6 Integrity and Prehistoric Properties
2.5 Associated Property Types
2.5.1Properties Associated with Habitation
2.5.2 Properties Associated with Procurement Activities
2.5.3 Properties Associated with Resource Processing Activities
2.5.4 Properties Associated With Religious, Burial, and Ceremonial Associations
2.5.5 Properties Associated with Transportation
2.6 Thematic Goals for Archaeological Research
2.6.1 Theoretical Issues
2.6.2 Specific Research Questions
2.7 Bibliography
3.0 The Ethnographic/Contact Period of the Hanford Site, Washington (Lewis and Clark 1805 Hanford Engineer Works 1943)
3.1 Statement of Purpose
3.2 Introduction
3.3 Methodology
3.4 The Setting
3.4.1 The Natural Setting
3.4.2 The Human Setting
3.4.3 Sahaptian Culture
3.4.4 A Brief Introduction to the Indian Groups
3.4.5 Indian Use of the Hanford Site
3.5 Statement of Historic Context
3.5.1 Lewis and Clark
3.5.2 Horses and Guns
3.5.3 Pestilence and Disease
3.5.4 The Fur Trade
3.5.5 Missionaries
3.5.6 Armed Conflicts
3.5.7 The White Influx
3.5.8 Treaties Made/Treaties Broken
3.5.9 The Alienation of Indian Land
3.5.10 The Alienation of Indian Culture
3.5.11 Indian Response to White Pressure
3.5.12 Smohalla and the Wanapums
3.5.13 The Dawn of the Atomic Age
3.6 Associated Property Types
3.6.1 Introduction
3.6.2 Indian Viewpoints
3.6.3 Concepts and Perspectives on Resource Protection
3.6.4 Operating Concept: Traditional Cultural Properties
3.6.5 Consideration of TCPs at Hanford
3.6.6 Property Types - Definitions
3.6.7 Methods to Evaluated Cultural Significance
3.7 Bibliography
4.0 The Euro-American Resettlement of the Hanford Site, Washington (Lewis and Clark 1805 - Hanford Engineer Works 1943)
4.1 Statement of Purpose
4.2 Introduction
4.3 The Setting
4.3.1 The Natural Setting
4.3.2 The Human Setting
4.4 Statement of Historic Context
4.4.1 Introduction
4.4.2 Exploration
4.4.3 Missionary Period
4.4.4 Mining and Ranching
4.4.5 Farming and Railroads
4.4.6 Farming and Irrigation
4.4.7 Resettlement - Growth of Local Communities
4.4.8 Summary
4.5 Associated Property Types
4.5.1 Introduction
4.5.2 Property Types - Definitions
4.5.3 Perspectives on Cultural Significance
4.5.4 Methods and Criteria to Evaluate Significance
4.6 Bibliography
5.0 The Manhattan Project and Cold War Eras, Plutonium Production at the Hanford Site, Washington, December 1942-1990
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Statement of Historic Context
5.2.1 Organization of the Historic Context
5.2.2 Manhattan Project
5.2.3 Cold War
5.3 Associated Property Types
5.3.1 Associated Property Type: Plutonium Production Facilities
5.3.2 Associated Property Type: Military Defense Facilities
5.3.3 Utility and Maintenance Services
5.3.4 Administration, Site Security, and Health and Safety
5.3.5 Non-Defense Facilities
5.3.6 Communication and Transportation Network
5.3.7 Environmental Monitoring Facilities
5.3.8 Waste Treatment and Fresh Materials Management
5.4 Bibliography
6.0 The Manhattan Project and Cold War Eras, Plutonium Production at the Hanford Site, Washington, December 1942-1990, Architectural Supplement
6.1. Introduction
6.2 Statement of Historic Context
6.2.1 Location and Construction of the Hanford Site
6.2.2 Industrial Vernacular Architecture
6.2.3 Construction Design, Styles, and Materials
6.3 Associated Property Types
6.3.1 Associated Property Type: Industrial Vernacular Landscape
6.3.2 Associated Property Type: High-Style Architectural Forms
6.3.3 Associated Property Type: Military Facilities
6.3.4 Associated Property Type: Site Layout and Design
6.4 Bibliography
7.0 Summary of Identification and Evaluation Methods
8.0 Geographical Data
9.0 National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form

Figures

1.0 Vicinity Map of the Department of Energy's Hanford Site, Washington
2.1 Holocene Climatic Sequences
2.2 Cultural Adaptations for the Columbia Plateau
3.1 Vicinity Map of the Department of Energy's Hanford Site, Washington
3.2 Language Families of the Pacific Northwestern Tribes (after Ruby and Brown 1988: 38)
3.3 Indian Tribes of the Pacific Northwest (after Ruby and Brown 1988:39)
3.4 Distribution of Tribal Groups and Major Linguistic Boundaries in the Mid-Columbia Area (after Schuster 1975: Fig 2; Jacobs 1931: 94 and 1937: 56; Ray 1936: 119; and Meinig 1968)
3.5 The Plateau Seasonal Round (after Hunn 1991: 8)
3.6 Inland Northwest Treaty Cessions (after Trafzer and Scheuerman 1986:208)
3.7 Travel Routes of Lewis and Clark and Other Explorers (after Meinig 1968: Map 4)
3.8 Fur and Military Posts and Camps (after Ruby and Brown 1988: 92)
3.9 Indian Missions of the Pacific Northwest (after Ruby and Brown 1988:69)
5.1 Hanford Site, Washington
5.2 The DOE Weapons Complex (OTA 1991: 16)

Tables

2.1 Test Excavations Conducted on the Hanford Site
2.2 Archaeological Sites and Districts Listed in State and National Registers (SR and NR) and Determined Eligible for Listing in the National Register of Historic Places.
2.3 Prehistoric Archaeological Property Types
2.4 Thematic Goals for Research
2.5 Research Questions Posed for the Mid Columbia Study Unit
2.6 Property Type, Time Period, and Theme Associations
3.1 Traditional Cultural Contexts and Associated Properties for the Ethnographic Contact Period at Hanford: 1805/1806 - 1943
4.1 Inventory of Euro-American Period Historic Contexts, Property Types and National Register Eligible Properties at Hanford: 1805-1943
[Hanford Home Page] [Cultural Resources]

For questions or comments, please send email to Darby Stapp [darby.stapp@pnl.gov]
Document Number: DOE/RL-97-02, Rev. 0
URL: http://www.hanford.gov/doe/culres/mdp/toc.htm
Date Posted: January 24, 1997


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